The lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata), also known as
the giant jellyfish or the hair jelly,is the largest known species of
jellyfish. Its range is confined to cold, boreal waters of the Arctic, northern
Atlantic, and northern Pacific Oceans. It is common in the English Channel,
Irish Sea, North Sea and in western Scandinavian waters south to Kattegat and
Øresund. It may also drift in to the south-western part of the Baltic Sea
(where it cannot breed due to the low salinity). Similar jellyfish – which may
be the same species – are known to inhabit seas near Australia and New Zealand.
The largest recorded specimen found, washed up on the shore of Massachusetts
Bay in 1870, had a bell with a diameter of 2.3 metres (7 ft 6 in) and tentacles
37.0 m (121.4 ft) long. Lion's mane jellyfish have been observed below 42°N
latitude for some time in the larger bays of the east coast of the United
States.
The lion's mane jellyfish uses its stinging tentacles to
capture, pull in and eat prey such as fish, sea creatures and smaller
jellyfish.
Lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata) are named for their
showy, trailing tentacles reminiscent of a lion's mane. They can vary greatly
in size: although capable of attaining a bell diameter of over 2 metres (6 ft 7
in), those found in lower latitudes are much smaller than their far northern
counterparts, with a bell about 50 centimetres (20 in) in diameter.
Size seems to dictate coloration: larger specimens are a
vivid crimson to dark purple while smaller specimens grade to a lighter orange
or tan, occasionally colorless.
The bell of the lion's mane jellyfish is scalloped into
eight lobes (lappets), each lobe containing from 70 to 150 tentacles,arranged
in four fairly distinct rows. Along the bell margin is a balance organ at each
of the eight indentations between the lobes – the rhopalium – which helps the
jellyfish orient itself. From the central mouth extend broad frilly oral arms
with many stinging cells.
The long, thin tentacles which emanate from the bell's
subumbrella have been characterised as “extremely sticky”; they also have
stinging cells. The tentacles of larger specimens may trail as long as 30 m
(100 ft) or more, with the tentacles of the longest known specimen measured at
37 m (120 ft) in length. This unusual length – longer than a blue whale – has
earned it the status of one of the longest known animals in the world.
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